- Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression triggered by seasonal changes.
- Reduced light exposure during the winter months significantly contributes to SAD.
- Women, those with a genetic predisposition, and younger adults are more likely to experience SAD.
- SAD is comorbid with other disorders, such as bulimia and anxiety.
- Treatment options include CBT, light therapy, and medication.
Have you ever experienced a sudden low mood, lack of energy and interest, and increased anxiety as the days get shorter and colder? Are these feelings common during a particular season in a year? Then you might be experiencing seasonal depression or seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
What is SAD?
SAD is a type of major depressive disorder that occurs due to a change in season, usually starting in the fall, lasting through winter, and ending in the spring. It affects millions globally, with more people living in northern latitudes experiencing it. Here’s everything you need to know about seasonal depression and how to manage it.
Causes and Symptoms of SAD
The exact cause of SAD is not known, but research suggests that reduced light exposure during the winter months plays a significant role. The lack of sunlight affects your biological clock (circadian rhythm) and reduces serotonin levels, a hormone that regulates mood, sleep, and appetite. People with SAD experience symptoms such as sadness, hopelessness, fatigue, loss of energy, difficulty concentrating, and change in appetite and sleep patterns.
Risk Factors for SAD
Some people are more vulnerable to SAD than others. Here are some risk factors for the disorder:
Genetics
A family history of SAD and depression can significantly increase your chances of developing SAD. Research suggests genetics play a role in vulnerability to such mental health conditions. If you have a parent or a sibling who has been diagnosed with SAD or depression, your risk of developing this disorder is higher as compared to others.
Sex
Women are more likely to experience SAD than men. Research suggests that hormonal changes and menstrual cycles could be the reason behind the difference in prevalence in males and females. Women are more susceptible to developing SAD, but this does not mean men are immune to this condition.
Age
While anyone can experience SAD, it’s more prevalent in younger adults. People in their 20s and 30s risk developing this disorder more than the older population. However, it’s important to note that SAD can occur at any age.
Location and Climate
Individuals living further from the equator or in colder climates with fewer daylight hours are also at an elevated risk of developing SAD. Lack of sunlight during the winter months can affect an individual’s body clock by changing the regulation of sleep and hormone cycles, leading to the development of SAD. Those living in regions with extreme temperature changes and long winters are more likely to experience symptoms of SAD.
Constitution
Certain personality traits can increase one’s risk of SAD. People naturally low in personality traits like openness, extraversion, and agreeableness are at a higher risk of developing SAD. Individuals highly sensitive to environmental changes are also vulnerable to this condition.
Comorbidities
SAD is also comorbid with other disorders. Here are some common comorbidities of SAD:
Bulimia
One of the most common comorbidities of SAD is bulimia nervosa. People with this disorder have a higher risk of developing SAD due to the disordered eating habits that can exacerbate seasonal depression and its symptoms. It’s essential to utilize local bulimia rehab centers near you. These rehab centers have professionals who can help you understand the underlying causes of SAD and bulimia and help you create positive coping mechanisms to manage it.
Anxiety Disorders
SAD is often comorbid with other anxiety disorders such as panic, social, and generalized anxiety disorders. People with any of these conditions will find their symptoms worsening during the seasonal depression.
Treatment for SAD
If you are experiencing any symptoms of SAD, it’s important to seek professional help. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective treatments for seasonal depression and has been successfully used to manage the condition.
CBT aims to change negative thought patterns and behaviors that lead to seasonal depression. Other treatment options include light therapy, antidepressant medications, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes.
Lastly, taking care of yourself during this time is essential to ensure you get enough rest and exercise. Eating healthy foods and engaging in activities that bring joy can help you manage the symptoms of SAD.
SAD is a real and treatable condition that affects millions yearly. If you are experiencing any symptoms, don’t hesitate to seek professional help. With the right treatment and support, you can manage your SAD and live a healthier life.
